S Twist

See TWIST DIRECTION OF.

S-finish

A finish produced on cellulose textiles by alkaline hydrolysis causing surface saponification.

S-Finishing

A finishing process applied to acetate and triacetate fabrics using a sodium hydroxide solution to give surface saponification; i.e. the fiber “skin” is converted to cellulose. It improves the hand and reduces the tendency to acquire a static charge.

Sable fibre (hair)

Fibre from the sable (Mustela zibellina).

Sacking

A general name applied to coarse fabrics used chiefly for the making of bags or sacks. They are often made of jute, hemp, flax or polyolefin, and the number of threads per centimetre may vary from 2 to over 12.

Sailcloth

Originally a tightly woven cotton or linen canvas used in the manufacture of ship and yacht sails. It is now more common for these fabrics to be manufactured from nylon for spinnakers, and polyester or aramid for foresails and mainsails. Newer developments include laminated constructions which give greater dimensional stability.

Salloped Selvage

A fabric defect consisting of an abrupt narrow place along the selvage. Principal cause is the failure of the clip on the tenter frame to engage or hold the fabric.

Salt figure

The concentration of an aqueous sodium chloride solution in g/100 ml required to produce incipient coagulation of viscose under standard conditions. (See also Hottenroth number.)

Salt index

The concentration of an aqueous sodium chloride solution in g/100 ml required to produce incipient coagulation of viscose under standard conditions. (See also Hottenroth number.)

Salt number

The concentration of an aqueous sodium chloride solution in g/100 ml required to produce incipient coagulation of viscose under standard conditions. (See also Hottenroth number.)

Salt sensitivity

1. The extent to which the dyeing properties of a dye are affected by the addition of a neutral electrolyte to the dyebath.
Note: This term is usually only applied in the dyeing of cellulosic fibres.
2, The susceptibility of coloured material to change in colour when spotted with aqueous solutions of neutral electrolytes.

Sample

A separate unit or part representative of the lot, consignment or design.

Sample swatch

Fabric for display, test, or record purposes, in the form of a single sample or an assembly of small samples, the latter being sometimes called a 'bunch'.

Sand

Used as a filter medium in fiber manufacture particularly used in spinning packs for nylon or polyester production.

Sand crepe

A fabric with an irregular surface texture made from silk or manufactured fibres., it is heavier and has a rougher, harsher handle than crepe de chine. A typical plain-weave construction: 40x18; 15.6tex pigmented acetate warp x 22.2tex viscose rayon cr6pc weft inserted 2S:2Z; woven 1. 1 m wide for 0.91 m finish; 136 g/m. A crepe weave may be used in which case the crepe weft would not necessarily be picked 2S:2Z, and the warp need not be pigmented, but the fabric would be finished to give the appearance of sand.