Roughing (scutched flax)

A preliminary hand hackling operation involving the removal of tangled and short fibres by means of a roughing tool.

Roughing-out (flax)

The rough separation of the seed from the chaff, short straw, weeds, and other extraneous material produced during deseeding. (See also ripples comb.)

Round heel (knitting)

A fully fashioned hose heel made by continuous knitting across the whole width with widening or narrowing.

Roving

A name given, individually or collectively, to the relatively fine fibrous strands used in the later or final processes of preparation for spinning.

Roving courses

Additional courses used in the manufacture of knitted articles either as protective courses or to facilitate handling in subsequent operations. These courses are afterwards removed.

Roving Frame

A general name for all of the machines used to produce roving different types of which are called slubber intermediate fine and jack. Roving frames draft the stock by means of drafting rolls twist it by means of a flyer and wind it onto a bobbin.

Roving stop device

A roving clamp that automatically stops the flow of roving into the drafting zone of a spinning machine when the yarn breaks.

Rows

In pile floor covering the average number of tufts or loops per inch in the warpwise direction.

Royal rib

1. A plain-weave fabric with a warp-way rib produced by taped ends and a high weft sett.
2. (Knitted) See half cardigan rib.

Rub

See ABRASION MARK.

Rubber (fibre) (generic name U.S.A.)

A manufactured fibre in which the fibre-forming substance consists of natural or synthetic rubber, including the following categories:1. A fibre in which the fibre-forming substance is a hydrocarbon such as natural rubber, polyisoprene, polybutadiene, copolymers of dienes and hydrocarbons, or amorphous (iionerystalline) polyolefins.
2. A fibre in which the fibre-forming substance is a copolymer of acrylonitrile and a diene (such as butadiene) composed of not more than 50% but at least 10% by weight of acrylonitrile unitsThe term lastrile may be used as a generic description for fibres failing within this category.
3. Afibreinwhichthefibre-formingsubstanceispolychloropreneoracopolymerofchloroprenein which at least 35% by weight of the fibre-forming substance is composed of chloroprene units. (See also elastodiene (fibre) (generic name) and Classification Table, p.401.)

Rubber Filament

A filament extruded from natural or synthetic rubber and used as the core of some elastic threads.

Rubber-proofed sheeting

A woven sheeting fabric coated with a rubber compound and then vulcanized.

Rubbing

1. A method of applying false twist to a sliver, stubbing or roving to effect the interlacing of fibres. The false twist is produced by the pressure applied to the fibrous materials as it passes between two surfaces of a machine, usually aprons, moving with a reciprocating sideways motion relative to the take-off direction of the material.
Note 1: The purpose of rubbing is to give the material sufficient strength to withstand the tensions imposed in the next process.
Note 2: As an alternative to inserting real twist, it enables faster operation of modern worsted drawing sets and removes the problems of drafting against twist.
2. See crocking.

Rubbing

A transfer of colour from the surface of a coloured fabric to an adjacent area of the same fabric or to another surface principally by rubbing action. (See also colour fastness.)