Permanent Finish

A term for various finishing treatments chemical and/or mechanical applied to fabric so that it will retain certain properties such as glaze of chintz crispness of organdy smoothness of cotton table damask and crease crush and shrinkage resistance of many apparel fabrics during the normal period of wear and laundering.

Permanent Growth

See SECONDARY CREEP.

Permanent Press

See DURABLE PRESS.

Permanent set

The net long-term change in dimensions of a specimen after deformation and relaxation and completion of creep recovery.

Permanent set

1. See setting.
2. See permenant deformation.

Permeability

The state or quality of being penetrable by fluids or gases.

Permittivity

See DIELECTRIC CONSTANT. © 2001 Celanese Acetate LLC

Perry

The distance from the back heald to the back rest or back roller of a weaving machine. (See also roller-setting.)

Petersham ribbon (millinery)

Ribbon in plain weave, originally used on ladies' hats, which usually has a continuous-filament warp, typically with 10- 1 2 picks per cm of cotton or spun viscose, giving it a pronounced rib. The edge is formed by the turn of the weft.

Petersham ribbon (skirt)

A narrow fabric having a pronounced rib, usually with 9-12 picks per cm and having lateral stiffness produced either by the high density of the weave or by a finishing process. In former times, some were woven with pockets for whale bone or plastic strips to give added lateral stiffness. In contrast to petersham ribbon (millinery), it has an edge of contrasting weave.

Pfleidering

The process of shredding pressed alkali-cellulose in a machine named a Plfeiderer, after its inventor.

PH

A value taken to represent the acidity or alkalinity of an aqueous solution, and defined as the logarithm of the reciprocal of the hydrogen-ion concentration of a solutionIt is expressed numerically on a scale from 0 to 14, neutral solutions having a pH of 7, acidic between 0 and 7, and alkaline between 7 and 14.

Phases Beam

A beam on which each of the ends is wound from the same depth of each of the bobbins on the creel. Phased beams are prepared when yarn properties vary from the inside to the outside of the bobbins in order to prevent warp streakiness in the finished fabric.

Phenolic

1. A resin or plastic made by the condensation of a phenol with an aldehyde and used particularly in coatings and adhesives. 2. Containing or pertaining to phenol.

Phenyl

A chemical radical (C6H5-) derived from benzene. It is the basis of many aromatic derivatives.