Flame retardant treatment

Chemical process or treatment whereby improved flame resistance is imparted to a material.
Note 1.. This definition is published in ISO 4880-1984.
Note 2.. One or more flame retardants may be applied during textile finishing or coating, or in the case of manufactured fibres, introduced into the fibre during fibre production.

Flame retarded

Treated with a flame retardant.
Note: This definition is published in ISO 4880-1984.

Flame spread

Propogation of a flame front.
Note,: This definition is published in ISO 4880-1984.

Flame spread rate

Distance travelled, per unit time, by a flame during its propagation under specified test conditions. (See also flame spread time.)
Note.. This definition is published in ISO 4880-1984.

Flame spread time

The time taken by a flame on a burning material to travel a specified distance under specified test conditions. (See also flame spread rate.)
Note: This definition is published in ISO 4880-1984.

Flamm'e

1. Woollen dress fabric made from printed yarns.
2. Plain-weave fabric produced from yam-dyed linen warp and cotton weft, used for tablecloths and curtains.

Flammability

The ability of a material or product to burn with a flame under specified test conditions.

Flammable

Capable of burning with a flame under specified test conditions.
Note: The use of the term 'inflammable' is deprecated.

Flange Crimping

Simultaneous crimping of two ends of yarn by using heated snubber pins then combining both ends on a draw roll after they contact a rubber flange on the draw roll.

Flannel

An all-wool fabric of plain or twill weave with a soft handle. It may be slightly milled and raised.
Note: When fibres other than wool are present, the proper qualification is, e.g., union flannel.

Flannelette

A fabric made from cotton warp and soft-spun cotton weft, the fabric being subsequently raised on both sides to give an imitation of the true woollen flannel. The weave may be plain, plain with double-end warp, or twill.
Note 1.. It may be woven grey and dyed or printed, or it may be woven from dyed yarns.
Note 2.. Fibres other than cotton are sometimes present in the weft yarn. If these exceed 7% they are named in the description, e.g., cotton-viscose flannelette.

Flap

A shaped piece of material which provides a covering for a pocket mouth or is for ornamentation.

Flapper

The movable side of a fiber-crimping chamber that periodically opens or flaps to permit crimped fiber to be expelled from the chamber.

Flash Ageing

A process for rapid reduction and fixation of vat dyes obtained when the printed fabric is padded with caustic soda and sodium hydrosulfite and immediately steamed in air-free steam.

Flash Extrusion

The process in which a fiber-forming substance in a volatile solvent is extruded from a high-temperature high-pressure environment into lower temperature and pressure conditions causing the solvent to rapidly evaporate leaving a lacy net-like fabric.