Filling Bow

See BOW.

Filling Skewness

See SKEWNESS.

Filling Snarl

See SNARL.

Filling thread

Additional warp or weft used in a fabric for the purposes of increasing its weight, bulk, firmness, or the prominence of the design. These threads are not visible on the fabric face.

Filling-in (knitting)

A means of providing a loop for a needle otherwise left empty. Its chief application is in preventing a hole forming in the fabric during the widening process of fully fashioned knitting.

Film Yarn

See SLIT-FILM YARN.

Filter Aid

A powder added to a solution to be filtered that forms a porous bed to improve filtration.

Filter Cloth

Any cloth used for filtering purposed. Nylon polyester vinyon PBI and glass fibers are often used in such fabrics because they are not affected by most chemicals.

Filter Fabrics

See GEOTEXTILES and FILTER CLOTH.

Findings

1. Miscellaneous items attached to garments and shoes during manufacture. Included are buttons hooks snaps and ornaments. 2. Miscellaneous fabrics in garments such a zipper tapes linings pockets waistbands and facings.

Fine End

1. A warp yarn of smaller diameter than that normally used in the fabric. 2. A term for a defect in silk warp yarn consisting of thin places that occur when all the filaments required to make up the full ply are not present. This condition is generally caused by poor reeling.

Fine Structure

Orientation crystallinity and molecular morphology of polymers including fiber-forming polymers.

Fineness

1. A relative measure of fiber size expressed in denier or tex for manufactured fibers. For cotton fineness is expressed as the mean fiber weight in micrograms per inch. For wool fineness is the mean fiber width or mean fiber diameter expressed in microns (to the nearest 0.001 2 For yarn fineness see YARN NUMBER. 3. For fineness of knit fabrics see GAUGE.

Fines

Particles or dust of polymer formed during the process of cutting to produce chip.

Finger Mark

A defect of woven fabrics that is seen as an irregular spot showing variation in picks per inch for a limited width. Causes are spreading of warp ends while the loom is in motion and pressure on the fabric between the reed and take-up drum. © 2001 Celanese Acetate LLC