End-down

A situation that exists when a warp thread has broken in a loom. Failure to correct leads to a fault (see end-out).

End-fent

A short length of finished fabric from the end of a piece that is not usable for the same purpose as the rest. (See also Note under leader fabric.)
Note: End-fents are not necessarily imperfect. At least three classes of end-fents exist:
(i) those formed in dressing pieces of fabric in the final stages of manufacture. Such end-fents usually consist of ragged imperfect pieces of fabric;
(ii) in garment manufacture, those formed in preparing pieces for cutting out. Such end-fents usually contain length markings and truth marks;
(iii) in garment manufacture, those formed as end residues. Such end-fents are of good material but may exhibit the 'cutting-out' contour.

End-group

A chemical group that forms the end of a polymer chain. Linear polymers possess two end-groups per molecule and branched polymers with it branch points possess n + 2 end-groups per molecule.

End-out (defect)

A line, running warp-way through part or all of a piece, caused by the absence of a warp thread.

Ending

A dyeing fault consisting of a change in colour from one end of a length of fabric to the other or a difference in colour between the bulk and the end of a length of fabric. (See also tailing.)
Note: This term is commonly used with reference to batch-dyed material.

Endless woven belting

A woven narrow fabric, usually in plain or 2/2 twill weave, in which the warp consists of one continuous thread wound in a helix to the required length and woven without join or splice so that the first and last picks are adjacent(Sub Category of belting (industrial and mechanical)).

Energy Absorption

The energy required to break or elongate a fiber to a certain point.

Energy-To-Break

The total energy required to rupture a yarn or cord.

English welt

A welt made on a rib basis, in which all the courses of loops except the first and last are intermeslied in the same direction towards the face side of the fabric. In making such a weft on lxl rib, the first and last courses are knitted on both sets of needles and the intermediate courses are knitted on only one set of needles.(sub category of welt (knitting))

Entangled Yarn

A textured yarn of one variant that develops bulk by the air-jet texturing method. 6

Entangled Yarns

See COMPACTED YARNS.

Entangling

1. A method of forming a fabric by wrapping and knotting fibers in a web about each other by mechanical means or by the use of jets of pressurized water so as to bond the fibers. (Also see HYDROENTANGLING and SPUNLACED FABRIC.) 2. See INTERMINGLING.

Entering

The process of threading each warp yarn on a loom beam through a separate drop wire heddle and reed space in preparation for weaving. This process may be done by hand or by a semiautomatic machine.

Epitropic Fibers

Fibers with an altered surface property e.g. electrically conducting abrasive etc.

Epitropic fibre

A fibre whose surface contains partially or wholly embedded particles that modify one or more of its properties, e.g., its electrical conductivity.