Candle Filter

A small filter interposed between the spinning pump and spinning jet to effect final filtration of the spinning solution prior to extrusion.

Candle Water Temperature

The temperature of the water surrounding the candle filter or within the heating jacket during fiber extrusion.

Candlewick Fabric

An unbleached muslin base fabric used to produce a chenille-like fabric by applying candlewick (heavy-plied yarn) loops and cutting the loops to give a fuzzy effect.

Cannage

Local difference in light reflection caused by variations in curvature of warp crimp. The fault occurs in plain-weave fabrics made with a continuous-filament warp and may arise if the warp is too stiffly sized or if the warp tension during weaving is too low or varies.

Cannelle repp

A silk repp fabric made with two warps. A single warp forms the ground weave while a twofold yarn floats over eight picks to create a rib effect.

Cannetille

A warp-rib cotton fabric used for drapes and furnishings. It is woven with alternate ends under very low and very high tensions.

Cantata

A fibre obtained from the leaf of the cantata plant Agave cantata.

Canton Flannel

A heavy cotton or cotton blend material with a twilled face and a napped back. The fabric’s strength warmth and absorbance make it ideal for interlinings and sleeping garments.

Canvas

A fabric usually made from cotton, flax, hemp, or jute in weights traditionally ranging from 200 to 2000 g/m2 The weave is plain or double-end plain. In cotton canvas, the yarns may be singles but are frequently plied; in other canvases, the yarns are generally singles. The warp predominates, and a feature of the heavier canvases is the very close packing of the warp, which is highly crimped over a straight weft. The term canvas covers cloths with a great variety of uses, but the salient features of all are strength and firmness. (See also duck.)

Cap spinning

A spinning system in which the spindle supports a stationary cap, the lower edge of which guides the yarn on to the revolving spinning package which is traversed. (See also spinning.)

Capacitance

The measure of the ability of a nonconductor to store electrical energy by means of the potential difference across the surfaces of the nonconductor.

Cape wool

South African wool (merino type).

Caprolactam

A white crystalline cyclic amide (C6H11NO) which yields e-amino-caproic acid on hydrolysis and is used as a raw material in the manufacture of nylon 6.

Capstan

1. A stationary guide, pin or post around which a running yarn, thread, string, rope etc. may be wrapped in order to change their tension.
2. A rotatable roller, usually driven and sometimes heated, around which a yarn etc. is wrapped more than once. There is usually a small guide or guide roller alongside (which may be set at a slight anale) to separate individual wraps. If driven. the capstan controls the rate of delivery of yam. (See also godet and duo.)

Caracul

A grade of lambskin (originally from Bokhara in Central Asia) with lustrous black hair which develops an attractive wavy pattern and is less curled than astrakhan. Also known as 'caracul' or 'broadtail'.