Bale

A bag sack square or oblong box or package into which silk staple fibers or tow are compressed. The common shipping and storage package for these fibers.

Bale breaker

A machine used for opening cotton or other short-staple fibres removed directly from a compressed bale. Layers of compressed fibres are taken from the bale and fed into a machine where the tearing action of two coarse spiked surfaces (rollers or lattices), moving in opposite directions, produces a more open mass of tufts.

Bale dyeing

Dyeing of loose stock (usually synthetic-polymer fibre) in the form of an unpacked bale.

Ball fall

A measure of the viscosity of a liquid, expressed as the time in seconds required for a standard sphere to fall through a column of liquid of standard length under standard conditions.

Ball Mill

A standard method of reducing water-insoluble substances such as pigments or dyestuffs to a fine state of division. It consists of a cylinder rotating on an axis partly filled with steel balls porcelain balls or common pebbles. The controlling factors are size of balls relative volumes occupied by balls and substance type and quality of substance and rate and time of rotation.

Ball top

A cross-wound self-supporting package of combed sliver produced on the worsted system.

Ball warp

Parallel threads in the form of a leased twistless rope wound into a large ball by hand or by machine.

Ball warping

A fibrous yarn covered with other yarn(s) to bind projecting fibre ends to the main body.
Note.. It is commonly used for interlinings to prevent fibre ends from penetrating the outer fabric.
2. Any yarn used in embroidery plating or wrap striping

Ball-warp sizing

The application of size to warp yarn in ball-warp rope form.
Note: Subsequent squeezing and drying are essential features of the process.

Ballet toe (knitting)

A type of reverse toe in which the toe yarn on the upper side covers the ends of the toes only, and the toe is usually extended and more pointed.ballistic tearing strength

Balling Up

A defect in which loose or frayed fibers form into a ball and are then woven into the fabric.

Balloon

The curved paths of running yarns about the take-up package during spinning downtwisting plying or winding or while they are being withdrawn over-end from packages under appropriate yarnwinding conditions.

Balloon (yarn)

The curved shape that a yarn length, whether stationary or in forward motion, forms in space when it is made to circulate (i.e. whirl) at a fixed or varying radius around an axis.
Note 1: The forward motion of the yarn length is commonly called the yarn delivery speed.
Note 2: Balloons commonly occur when a yarn length circulates a package, mainly out of contact with the package, during over-end twisting, winding and unwinding operations (e.g., uptwisting, downtwisting, ring spinning, yarn doubling or folding, see diagram). Balloons can also occur when yarn lengths whirl free of lateral constraints (c. g., air-jet spinning).
Note 3: Balloons may be single or multiple and their size, basic shape and angular velocity are system and the rate of twisting. These factors control the determined by the geometry of the on. The forces are centripetal, coriolis, air-drag and yarn balance of forces producing the balloon, shape and angular velocity are package tension. Other factors that may influence balloon sizes of the yarn and the presence of balloon size, ring size, traveller weight, linear density, hairiness control rings or balloon separators.

Balloon fabric

Any fabric which forms a functional part of the lift-creating and, where different, the outer it is usually a simple, single fabric, of tightly woven envelope of a lighter-than-air aircraft construction, and may include rip-stop threads to enhance tear resistance, although some plied fabrics are used.
Note: Such fabrics were originally made of cotton, linen, silk and doped or coated with rubber to reduce gas permeability, but modern fabrics are typically polyarnide or polyester coated with a polymer or polymers, and/or laminated with a thin natural or synthetic-polymer film or films. This reduces permeability to the lifting gas employed, confers protection against ultra-violet radiation, and provides weather resistance.

Balloon separators

Devices, typically plates, designed to keep gyrating balloons of yarn separate during ring spinning, winding, or on withdrawal from packages during doubling or twisting of yarns.
Note 1: Separators are primarily intended to prevent collisions between adjacent gyrating yarn balloons and between yarn balloons and machine parts.
Note 2: Separators may restrict and confine intentionally the dimensions of yarn balloons, and also affect yarn tensions during processing.